Non-U.S. citizens awarded doctorates in the sciences and in engineerin…
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Non-U.S. citizens awarded doctorates in the sciences and in engineering,
by country of citizenship, visa type, and year of doctorate: 1991-2000
Country of citizenship 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Total non-U.S. citizens, S&E
Total foreign citizenship 8,926 9,475 9,754 10,542 10,502 10,815 9,779 9,790 8,888 9,057
North America, total 525 515 506 547 505 530 462 545 532 605
Canada 297 304 285 275 274 276 249 278 282 289
Caribbean 54 44 38 61 60 51 46 61 52 52
Central America 46 52 44 69 43 45 35 42 39 55
Mexico 128 115 139 142 128 158 132 164 159 209
South America, total 387 394 394 408 359 454 388 411 420 433
Argentina 62 86 53 56 49 66 67 70 53 76
Brazil 119 133 151 157 137 204 145 152 157 126
Chile 54 48 52 42 38 36 29 24 33 43
Colombia 49 37 35 48 45 42 38 26 45 54
South America, other 103 90 103 105 90 106 109 139 132 134
Europe, total 972 950 1,104 1,150 1,254 1,260 1,276 1,477 1,460 1,494
Belgium 43 42 24 21 32 25 17 17 21 20
England, United Kingdom 132 137 154 128 132 117 89 124 141 99
France 67 77 93 96 83 68 73 76 79 82
Germany 118 124 164 196 208 170 178 205 178 228
Europe, other 612 570 669 709 799 880 919 1,055 1,041 1,065
East Asia, total 4,486 4,865 5,010 5,484 5,486 5,597 4,555 4,531 4,069 4,249
Taiwan 1,127 1,242 1,213 1,301 1,240 1,149 1,022 891 733 669
China, People's Republic of 1,793 2,045 2,227 2,531 2,751 2,954 2,288 2,413 2,182 2,358
Hong Kong 121 109 109 95 90 110 84 83 53 45
Japan 125 132 132 182 155 167 149 152 156 197
Korea 1,114 1,127 1,123 1,150 1,005 979 848 794 740 746
Thailand 93 87 77 97 113 119 87 115 130 147
East Asia, other 113 123 129 128 132 119 77 83 75 87
West Asia, total 1,670 1,891 1,903 2,077 2,181 2,140 1,914 1,750 1,595 1,559
India 752 861 933 1,065 1,207 1,257 1,210 1,082 889 821
Iran 227 200 203 174 173 147 112 91 92 80
Iraq 24 34 17 22 14 9 7 5 5 2
Israel 89 87 89 109 86 84 59 58 47 45
Lebanon 55 62 50 73 56 53 30 37 24 27
Saudi Arabia 67 76 46 76 71 74 61 39 48 53
Turkey 100 132 136 144 166 147 160 161 187 266
West Asia, other 356 439 429 414 408 369 275 277 303 265
Pacific/Australasia, total 216 220 227 231 231 232 196 192 156 178
Australia 35 40 47 56 61 42 47 46 46 42
Indonesia 69 78 78 83 83 69 62 60 44 61
Pacific/Australasia, other 112 102 102 92 87 121 87 86 66 75
Africa, total 500 510 474 583 423 442 335 339 327 347
Egypt 112 101 88 104 78 89 70 84 61 79
Nigeria 83 68 55 60 53 39 23 34 34 22
Africa, other 305 341 331 419 292 314 242 221 232 246
Country unknown 170 130 136 62 63 160 653 545 329 192
Total non-U.S. citizens, engineering
Total foreign citizenship 3,021 3,154 3,253 3,491 3,480 3,513 3,144 3,061 2,593 2,794
North America, total 84 73 82 90 82 96 81 92 109 118
Canada 54 46 42 36 41 45 44 35 51 49
Caribbean 3 5 4 14 7 8 12 15 12 8
Central America 5 6 9 10 8 6 2 6 5 6
Mexico 22 16 27 30 26 37 23 36 41 55
South America, total 86 87 97 111 88 117 92 97 91 106
Argentina 12 14 10 7 7 8 14 13 8 11
Brazil 34 31 46 49 46 65 43 47 40 35
Chile 8 10 5 8 8 8 1 1 6 9
Colombia 11 9 8 12 10 7 4 7 7 15
South America, other 21 23 28 35 17 29 30 29 30 36
Europe, total 200 202 244 257 297 236 233 294 275 294
Belgium 9 10 7 7 12 4 4 3 1 5
England, United Kingdom 14 17 18 14 20 10 12 12 14 11
France 19 25 32 32 24 25 11 23 23 23
Germany 8 18 23 29 37 16 27 29 36 45
Europe, other 150 132 164 175 204 181 179 227 201 210
East Asia, total 1,629 1,701 1,733 1,887 1,869 1,852 1,472 1,450 1,249 1,403
Taiwan 597 637 592 670 616 572 432 378 301 285
China, People's Republic of 477 508 543 656 773 804 636 668 580 711
Hong Kong 30 37 32 14 20 31 13 26 11 &n
by country of citizenship, visa type, and year of doctorate: 1991-2000
Country of citizenship 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Total non-U.S. citizens, S&E
Total foreign citizenship 8,926 9,475 9,754 10,542 10,502 10,815 9,779 9,790 8,888 9,057
North America, total 525 515 506 547 505 530 462 545 532 605
Canada 297 304 285 275 274 276 249 278 282 289
Caribbean 54 44 38 61 60 51 46 61 52 52
Central America 46 52 44 69 43 45 35 42 39 55
Mexico 128 115 139 142 128 158 132 164 159 209
South America, total 387 394 394 408 359 454 388 411 420 433
Argentina 62 86 53 56 49 66 67 70 53 76
Brazil 119 133 151 157 137 204 145 152 157 126
Chile 54 48 52 42 38 36 29 24 33 43
Colombia 49 37 35 48 45 42 38 26 45 54
South America, other 103 90 103 105 90 106 109 139 132 134
Europe, total 972 950 1,104 1,150 1,254 1,260 1,276 1,477 1,460 1,494
Belgium 43 42 24 21 32 25 17 17 21 20
England, United Kingdom 132 137 154 128 132 117 89 124 141 99
France 67 77 93 96 83 68 73 76 79 82
Germany 118 124 164 196 208 170 178 205 178 228
Europe, other 612 570 669 709 799 880 919 1,055 1,041 1,065
East Asia, total 4,486 4,865 5,010 5,484 5,486 5,597 4,555 4,531 4,069 4,249
Taiwan 1,127 1,242 1,213 1,301 1,240 1,149 1,022 891 733 669
China, People's Republic of 1,793 2,045 2,227 2,531 2,751 2,954 2,288 2,413 2,182 2,358
Hong Kong 121 109 109 95 90 110 84 83 53 45
Japan 125 132 132 182 155 167 149 152 156 197
Korea 1,114 1,127 1,123 1,150 1,005 979 848 794 740 746
Thailand 93 87 77 97 113 119 87 115 130 147
East Asia, other 113 123 129 128 132 119 77 83 75 87
West Asia, total 1,670 1,891 1,903 2,077 2,181 2,140 1,914 1,750 1,595 1,559
India 752 861 933 1,065 1,207 1,257 1,210 1,082 889 821
Iran 227 200 203 174 173 147 112 91 92 80
Iraq 24 34 17 22 14 9 7 5 5 2
Israel 89 87 89 109 86 84 59 58 47 45
Lebanon 55 62 50 73 56 53 30 37 24 27
Saudi Arabia 67 76 46 76 71 74 61 39 48 53
Turkey 100 132 136 144 166 147 160 161 187 266
West Asia, other 356 439 429 414 408 369 275 277 303 265
Pacific/Australasia, total 216 220 227 231 231 232 196 192 156 178
Australia 35 40 47 56 61 42 47 46 46 42
Indonesia 69 78 78 83 83 69 62 60 44 61
Pacific/Australasia, other 112 102 102 92 87 121 87 86 66 75
Africa, total 500 510 474 583 423 442 335 339 327 347
Egypt 112 101 88 104 78 89 70 84 61 79
Nigeria 83 68 55 60 53 39 23 34 34 22
Africa, other 305 341 331 419 292 314 242 221 232 246
Country unknown 170 130 136 62 63 160 653 545 329 192
Total non-U.S. citizens, engineering
Total foreign citizenship 3,021 3,154 3,253 3,491 3,480 3,513 3,144 3,061 2,593 2,794
North America, total 84 73 82 90 82 96 81 92 109 118
Canada 54 46 42 36 41 45 44 35 51 49
Caribbean 3 5 4 14 7 8 12 15 12 8
Central America 5 6 9 10 8 6 2 6 5 6
Mexico 22 16 27 30 26 37 23 36 41 55
South America, total 86 87 97 111 88 117 92 97 91 106
Argentina 12 14 10 7 7 8 14 13 8 11
Brazil 34 31 46 49 46 65 43 47 40 35
Chile 8 10 5 8 8 8 1 1 6 9
Colombia 11 9 8 12 10 7 4 7 7 15
South America, other 21 23 28 35 17 29 30 29 30 36
Europe, total 200 202 244 257 297 236 233 294 275 294
Belgium 9 10 7 7 12 4 4 3 1 5
England, United Kingdom 14 17 18 14 20 10 12 12 14 11
France 19 25 32 32 24 25 11 23 23 23
Germany 8 18 23 29 37 16 27 29 36 45
Europe, other 150 132 164 175 204 181 179 227 201 210
East Asia, total 1,629 1,701 1,733 1,887 1,869 1,852 1,472 1,450 1,249 1,403
Taiwan 597 637 592 670 616 572 432 378 301 285
China, People's Republic of 477 508 543 656 773 804 636 668 580 711
Hong Kong 30 37 32 14 20 31 13 26 11 &n
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